PEA vs CTO vs Assurance-Vie: Where to Hold ETFs in France
The three main ways to hold ETFs in France compared: the tax-efficient PEA, the flexible CTO and assurance-vie, with the 2026 tax rates.
Countries
Country guides: tax-efficient accounts, how ETFs are taxed and which brokers you can use where you live.
Investing in ETFs in Germany: Tax, Vorabpauschale and Allowances
How ETFs in Germany are taxed in 2026: Abgeltungsteuer, the Sparerpauschbetrag, Teilfreistellung and the Vorabpauschale on accumulating funds.
Investing in Spain: Index Funds vs ETFs, Traspasos and Tax
Why many Spanish investors choose index funds over ETFs: tax-free switching with traspasos, the 2026 savings tax rates and the paperwork to watch.
Stocks and Shares ISA Explained: Rules, Limits and Best ETFs
How a UK Stocks and Shares ISA works in 2026/27: the £20,000 allowance, the 2027 cash ISA change, what you can hold, how it saves tax and how to start with index ETFs.
Investing in ETFs in Ireland: Exit Tax and Deemed Disposal Explained
How Irish residents are taxed on ETFs: the 38% exit tax in 2026, the cut announced for 2027, the eight-year deemed disposal rule, why losses can’t be offset and the alternatives people use.